A Kohen must not enter the Temple intoxicated

This mitzvah prohibits a kohen from entering the Mikdash or serving at the altar under the influence of wine or strong drink. The Torah commands this immediately after the tragic deaths of Nadav and Avihu, highlighting the seriousness of maintaining proper reverence in the Divine service.

Rambam rules that a kohen who performs service while intoxicated is liable to death at the hands of Heaven. The Sefer HaChinuch explains that intoxication diminishes clarity, reverence, and the sanctity required in the Mikdash, and therefore it is strictly forbidden.

The mitzvah underscores that the service of Hashem requires presence of mind, awe, and discipline. Entering the Temple inebriated would demean its sanctity and undermine the kohen’s role as a representative of Israel before Hashem. Instead, kohanim are to embody sobriety and focus, teaching the nation that Divine service demands full awareness and reverence.

Commentary & Classical Explanation:

• Rambam (Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 1:1–7): Rules that kohanim who serve while intoxicated are liable for death at the hands of Heaven, stressing the severity of this command.
• Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 152): Explains that wine clouds judgment, preventing proper awe of Hashem in His Temple.
• Rashi (Lev. 10:9): Notes that the command follows the deaths of Nadav and Avihu, showing the danger of entering the Mikdash in an unworthy state.
• Talmud (Keritot 13b; Sanhedrin 83b): Teaches that even slight intoxication invalidates service.
• Ramban (Lev. 10:9): Emphasizes that kohanim must approach Hashem with awe and clarity, not with diminished faculties.