A Kohen must wash his hands and feet before service

This mitzvah requires that kohanim perform kiddush yadayim v’raglayim (sanctification of hands and feet) by washing from the copper basin in the Temple courtyard before approaching the altar or entering the Sanctuary.

Rambam explains that this washing is a prerequisite to every act of service, symbolizing purification and readiness. Sefer HaChinuch teaches that the act reminds kohanim that service must be performed with mindfulness and sanctity, not routine.

The Torah stresses the severity of the mitzvah by warning that failing to wash incurs the death penalty, underscoring that avodah demands both physical and spiritual preparation. The Talmud details how the kohanim would wash, emphasizing order, ritual, and consistency. This practice elevates the service beyond the physical, transforming it into an act of awe and holiness.

Commentary & Classical Explanation:

• Rambam (Hilchot Bi’at HaMikdash 5:1–3): Rules that a kohen who begins service without washing is liable to death by Heaven, as the washing sanctifies his readiness.
• Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 106): Explains that the washing teaches respect and mindfulness, ensuring kohanim never approach Hashem’s service casually.
• Rashi (Ex. 30:20): Notes that washing before service is both a practical and symbolic act of sanctification.
• Talmud (Yoma 30a): Discusses the procedure and order of washing, showing its central role in Temple avodah.
• Ramban: Adds that the act of washing symbolizes cleansing both body and soul, elevating the kohen’s role to one of spiritual purity.