Not to derive benefit from idols and their accessories

This mitzvah forbids not only worshiping idols but also deriving any use or benefit from them or their accessories. Rambam (Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 7:2–3) codifies that whether ornaments, offerings, or vessels, all are forbidden for benefit (issur hana’ah). The Torah demands absolute detachment from idolatry, preventing even indirect gain.

The Talmud (Avodah Zarah 50a) establishes that items used for idol service must be burned or destroyed, not repurposed. Rashi (Deut. 7:26) warns that bringing idolatrous items into one’s possession invites spiritual contamination. Ramban emphasizes that this mitzvah goes beyond destruction (mitzvah 53), ensuring Israel does not profit from what is meant for eradication. Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 428) explains that using such items legitimizes their power in the eyes of people, subtly encouraging idolatry. Midrash (Sifrei Devarim §61) ties the prohibition to Israel’s covenant: idols must be detested, not absorbed into Jewish life.

Commentary & Classical Explanation:

• Rambam (Avodat Kochavim 7:2–3): Forbids deriving benefit from idols, accessories, or their offerings.
• Talmud (Avodah Zarah 50a): Rules that idols and their accessories must be destroyed, not repurposed.
• Rashi (Deut. 7:26): Notes that possession of idolatrous objects makes one like the idol itself — accursed.
• Ramban: Explains that this mitzvah ensures eradication is complete, barring material profit.
• Sefer HaChinuch (428): Warns that benefiting validates idolatry indirectly.
• Midrash Sifrei (Devarim §61): Declares that Israel’s covenant requires abhorrence, not neutrality.

Contrast with Mitzvah 53 (To destroy idols and their accessories):

• Mitzvah 53 commands active destruction; mitzvah 54 forbids passive benefit.
• Rambam distinguishes: one addresses removal of idolatry, the other addresses detachment from it.
• Sefer HaChinuch (428) notes they form a safeguard pair — physical and psychological separation.

Parallel to Mitzvah 55 (Not to derive benefit from ornaments of idols):

• Both deal with issur hana’ah, but 54 includes idols and service vessels, while 55 applies specifically to decorative ornaments.
• Talmud (Avodah Zarah 51b) distinguishes between service-items and adornments, requiring separate mitzvot.