392

Not to eat sacrifices which have become unfit or blemished

The Luchos - Ten Commandments
לֹ֥א תֹאכַ֖ל כׇּל־תּוֹעֵבָֽה׃ - פָּרָשַׁת רְאֵה
Deuteronomy 14:3 - "You shall not eat any abomination."

This Mitzvah's Summary

מִצְוָה עֲשֵׂה - Positive Commandment
מִצְוָה לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה - Negative Commandment
Sacrifices – קָרְבָּנוֹת

It is forbidden to eat from korbanot that became invalid or blemished.

This prohibition safeguards the sanctity of the sacrificial system. If an offering became invalid — through improper thought during slaughter (pigul), impurity, or physical blemish — it may not be eaten. Rambam (Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 18:1) codifies that eating from such disqualified sacrifices incurs lashes.

Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 454) explains that the mitzvah preserves awe for the Mikdash: if people freely ate invalid offerings, respect for the sanctity of korbanot would diminish. The Talmud (Zevachim 29b) outlines cases of invalidation, such as improper intent or offering outside permitted times. Rashi (Deut. 14:3) emphasizes that the verse’s general term “abominable” extends to unfit offerings, stressing their spiritual repulsiveness. Midrash Sifrei (Re’eh 100) links this mitzvah to Israel’s holiness — they must avoid consuming that which has lost Divine favor.

Commentary & Classical Explanation:

  • Rambam (Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 18:1): Eating invalid sacrifices is prohibited and subject to lashes.
  • Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 454): Explains that the mitzvah ensures reverence for the sanctity of korbanot.
  • Talmud (Zevachim 29b): Lists causes of invalidation, including pigul, tumah, and wrong intent.
  • Rashi (Deut. 14:3): Notes “abomination” refers to eating offerings no longer acceptable to Hashem.
  • Midrash Sifrei (Re’eh 100): Connects the prohibition to Israel’s identity as holy people.

Contrast with Positive Command to Burn Invalid Sacrifices (Mitzvah 398–399):

  • Here the Torah forbids eating disqualified sacrifices (Rambam, Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 18:1). Mitzvot 398–399 positively command burning them (Talmud Zevachim 104b).
  • Sefer HaChinuch distinguishes: refraining from eating preserves personal holiness, while burning preserves communal sanctity.
  • Ramban (Lev. 7:18) notes that together they ensure no invalid remains profane the Temple or the nation.

Parallel to Pigul (Mitzvah 393):

  • Pigul, eating from a sacrifice invalidated by improper intent, is a specific form of this broader prohibition (Talmud Zevachim 29a).
  • Rambam explains both stem from preserving awe for Hashem’s korbanot, but pigul carries additional spiritual weight since it reflects conscious distortion of service.
(Source: Chabad.org)

Applying this Mitzvah Today

Notes on this Mitzvah's Fundamentals

Sacrifices – קָרְבָּנוֹת

  • Rambam (Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 18:1) explains that invalid korbanot lose their holiness in practice but not in law, requiring burning, not eating. Sefer HaChinuch (454) adds that consumption would trivialize Divine service.

Temple – בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ

  • Midrash Sifrei (Re’eh 100) teaches that invalid sacrifices, if eaten, profane the Temple’s sanctity. Ramban stresses the Mikdash requires flawless offerings, so eating blemished ones denies its perfection.

Mizbeach – מִזְבֵּחַ

  • Talmud (Zevachim 29b) specifies that once an offering is invalid, it cannot be placed on the Mizbeach. This restriction extends to eating, ensuring the altar remains a symbol of unblemished devotion.

Holiness – קְדֻשָּׁה

  • Rashi (Deut. 14:3) interprets “abomination” as a violation of Israel’s kedushah. Sefer HaChinuch explains this mitzvah trains Israel to distinguish pure from impure, holy from profane.

Reverence – יִרְאַת שָׁמַיִם

  • Rambam emphasizes that fear of Heaven requires avoiding any compromise in korbanot. Talmud (Zevachim 29b) records that eating invalid offerings dishonors Hashem and invites punishment, cultivating awe.

Faith – אֱמוּנָה

  • Sefer HaChinuch (454) says abstaining shows trust in Hashem’s laws, even when waste seems counterintuitive. Faith means recognizing that obedience preserves sanctity beyond human logic.

Bein Adam L’Makom – בֵּין אָדָם לְמָקוֹם

  • Ramban (Lev. 7:18) explains this mitzvah is purely Bein Adam L’Makom, as it reflects Israel’s relationship with Hashem alone, not other people. Midrash Sifrei affirms its focus on covenantal fidelity.

This Mitzvah's Fundamental Badges

Temple - בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ

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Concerns the Beit HaMikdash, korbanot (offerings), and priestly service.

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Holiness - קְדֻשָּׁה

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Represents the concept of  spiritual intentionality, purity, and sanctity—set apart for a higher purpose.

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Reverence - יִרְאַת שָׁמַיִם

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Signifies awe and reverence toward Hashem—living with awareness of His greatness and presence.

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Faith - אֱמוּנָה

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Represents Emunah—the deep, inner trust in Hashem’s presence, oneness, and constant involvement in our lives. This badge symbolizes a heartfelt connection to G-d, rooted in belief even when we cannot see. It is the emotional and spiritual core of many mitzvot.

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Between a person and G-d - בֵּין אָדָם לְמָקוֹם

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Mitzvot that define and deepen the relationship between a person and their Creator. These include commandments involving belief, prayer, Shabbat, festivals, sacrifices, and personal holiness — acts rooted in divine connection rather than human interaction.

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