66

Not to consult the Yidoni

The Luchos - Ten Commandments
וְחֹבֵ֖ר חָ֑בֶר וְשֹׁאֵ֥ל אוֹב֙ וְיִדְּעֹנִ֔י וְדֹרֵ֖שׁ אֶל־הַמֵּתִֽים׃ - פָּרָשַׁת שׁוֹפְטִים
Deuteronomy 18:11 - "or a charmer, a pithom sorcerer, a yido'a sorcerer, or a necromancer."

This Mitzvah's Summary

מִצְוָה עֲשֵׂה - Positive Commandment
מִצְוָה לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה - Negative Commandment
Idolatry – עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה

It is forbidden to consult a Yidoni, a medium who claims to channel voices through bone rituals.

The prohibition of Yidoni forbids consulting a medium who claims to reveal knowledge through rituals involving a bird’s bone placed in the mouth, from which a voice seems to speak. The Talmud (Sanhedrin 65b) explains that Yidoni differs from Ov: while Ov produces hollow voices from under the arm or mouth, Yidoni uses a ritual with bones to channel speech. Rambam (Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 11:17) codifies that both Ov and Yidoni are prohibited forms of necromancy, fraudulently imitating prophecy. Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 514) explains that both Ov and Yidoni represent superstition, falsehood, and deception, drawing Jews away from Torah and Hashem. Rashi clarifies that Yidoni was believed to provide supernatural answers, but in truth it was a deception rooted in idolatry. Ramban emphasizes that these prohibitions guard Israel’s emunah and elevate them above pagan cults.

Commentary & Classical Explanation:

  • Rambam (Sefer HaMitzvot, Lo Ta’aseh 36; Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 11:17): Defines Yidoni as consulting spirits through a bone ritual, equivalent in severity to Ov.
  • Talmud (Sanhedrin 65b): Differentiates Ov (voice from underarm or mouth) and Yidoni (voice through a bird’s bone placed in the mouth).
  • Rashi (Deut. 18:11; Sanhedrin 65b): Explains Yidoni as placing a bone in the mouth to channel deceptive voices.
  • Ramban (Deut. 18:9–11): Notes that both Ov and Yidoni were central in pagan cults; Torah uproots them to preserve Israel’s prophetic destiny.
  • Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 514): Teaches that Yidoni is falsehood, designed to mislead, and Torah prohibits it to strengthen Israel’s reliance on Hashem.
  • Midrash Tanchuma (Shoftim 8): Contrasts Israel with nations that rely on mediums; Israel seeks Hashem’s word directly.

Contrast with Ov (Mitzvah 65):

  • Ov uses hidden or hollow voices to deceive, Yidoni uses bone-based rituals to mimic spiritual communication.
  • Rambam (Avodat Kochavim 11:16–17): Both are equally prohibited but involve different techniques of fraud.

Parallel to Prophecy (Mitzvah 9):

  • Ramban emphasizes prophecy replaces Ov and Yidoni. While nations sought false mediums, Israel received prophets from Hashem.
  • Talmud (Sanhedrin 90a) underscores that true guidance comes through Torah and prophecy, not from counterfeit voices.
(Source: Chabad.org)

Applying this Mitzvah Today

Psychics with Ritual Objects

  • Rambam (Avodat Kochavim 11:17) equates Yidoni with ritual deception. Today, mediums who use crystals, bones, or objects in rituals to “channel voices” are modern parallels.

“Spirit Devices” and Channeling Tools

  • Talmud (Sanhedrin 65b) describes Yidoni’s bone ritual. Modern equivalents include electronic “spirit boxes” or ritual devices used in séances.

Performance Mediums

  • Rashi notes Yidoni creates deceptive “voices.” In modern entertainment, stage mediums using props to simulate spirit voices mirror this.

New Age Practices with Ritual Props

  • Sefer HaChinuch (514) explains these practices are falsehood. Today, New Age rituals that claim spirits speak through objects (bones, stones, pendulums) continue this forbidden behavior.

Digital “Spirit Simulators”

  • Apps or programs that simulate “spirit voices” with props may not be literal Yidoni, but they echo its structure — replacing Torah’s truth with illusions of communication.

Healthy Alternatives

  • Ramban (Deut. 18:15) insists prophecy replaces Ov and Yidoni. Today, prayer, Torah learning, and seeking Torah scholars provide true spiritual guidance. Judaism channels memory and meaning into mitzvot, not illusions.

Notes on this Mitzvah's Fundamentals

Idolatry – עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה

  • Ramban (Deut. 18:11) explains Yidoni as part of the idolatrous cults of the nations. Rambam treats it as a branch of avodah zarah, since it misdirects Israel’s devotion to pagan-style rituals instead of Hashem.

Speech – דָּבָר

  • Talmud (Sanhedrin 65b) describes Yidoni as producing voices through a bone. Rashi adds that the medium’s speech is altered to create an illusion. This mitzvah disciplines Jewish speech to be truthful and sanctified, rejecting manipulation.

Thought – מַחֲשָׁבָה

  • Sefer HaChinuch (514) warns that Yidoni corrupts thought by filling the mind with false beliefs. Rambam calls it divrei sheker, empty illusions. The mitzvah guards Jewish thought from superstition.

Faith – אֱמוּנָה

  • Rambam (Avodat Kochavim 11:17) labels Yidoni a deception that undermines faith in Hashem. Sefer HaChinuch stresses that emunah is preserved by rejecting such false practices.

Prophecy – נְבוּאָה

  • Ramban (Deut. 18:15) insists prophecy is Hashem’s gift to Israel instead of Ov and Yidoni. This mitzvah keeps Israel’s spiritual focus on prophets and Torah, not fraudulent mediums.

Reverence – יִרְאַת שָׁמַיִם

  • Midrash Tanchuma (Shoftim 8) contrasts Israel’s reverence for Hashem with nations’ reliance on mediums. Avoiding Yidoni is an act of yirat shamayim, showing awe for Heaven rather than false voices.

Holiness – קְדֻשָּׁה

  • Rambam emphasizes that Israel’s kedushah comes from rejecting pagan-style practices like Yidoni. The mitzvah elevates Israel by detaching them from superstition and idolatry.

Between a person and G-d – בֵּין אָדָם לְמָקוֹם

  • This mitzvah protects the covenant by preventing Jews from interposing fraudulent intermediaries. Rambam and Ramban highlight that Hashem gave Torah and prophecy so Israel would rely on Him directly.

This Mitzvah's Fundamental Badges

Idolatry - עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה

Information Icon

Mitzvot that prohibit worship of false gods and practices associated with idol worship.

View Badge →

Speech - דָּבָר

Information Icon

Pertains to the power of speech—both positive and negative—including lashon hara, vows, and blessings.

View Badge →

Thought - מַחֲשָׁבָה

Information Icon

Relates to internal intentions, beliefs, and mindfulness in performing mitzvot or avoiding transgressions.

View Badge →

Faith - אֱמוּנָה

Information Icon

Represents Emunah—the deep, inner trust in Hashem’s presence, oneness, and constant involvement in our lives. This badge symbolizes a heartfelt connection to G-d, rooted in belief even when we cannot see. It is the emotional and spiritual core of many mitzvot.

View Badge →

Prophecy - נְבוּאָה

Information Icon

Associated with belief in and obedience to G‑d’s prophets, as well as reverence for their role in transmitting Divine truth.

View Badge →

Reverence - יִרְאַת שָׁמַיִם

Information Icon

Signifies awe and reverence toward Hashem—living with awareness of His greatness and presence.

View Badge →

Holiness - קְדֻשָּׁה

Information Icon

Represents the concept of  spiritual intentionality, purity, and sanctity—set apart for a higher purpose.

View Badge →

Between a person and G-d - בֵּין אָדָם לְמָקוֹם

Information Icon

Mitzvot that define and deepen the relationship between a person and their Creator. These include commandments involving belief, prayer, Shabbat, festivals, sacrifices, and personal holiness — acts rooted in divine connection rather than human interaction.

View Badge →
Mitzvah Minute
Mitzvah Minute Logo

Learn more.

Dive into mitzvot, prayer, and Torah study—each section curated to help you learn, reflect, and live with intention. New insights are added regularly, creating an evolving space for spiritual growth.

Luchos
Live a commandment-driven life

Mitzvah

Explore the 613 mitzvot and uncover the meaning behind each one. Discover practical ways to integrate them into your daily life with insights, sources, and guided reflection.

Learn more

Mitzvah #

413

A permanent or temporary [non-Jewish] hired worker must not eat from it
The Luchos - Ten Commandments
Learn this Mitzvah

Mitzvah Highlight

Siddur
Connection through Davening

Tefillah

Learn the structure, depth, and spiritual intent behind Jewish prayer. Dive into morning blessings, Shema, Amidah, and more—with tools to enrich your daily connection.

Learn more

Tefillah

Tefillah sub-header
A Siddur
Learn this Tefillah

Tefillah Focus

A Sefer Torah
Study the weekly Torah portion

Parsha

Each week’s parsha offers timeless wisdom and modern relevance. Explore summaries, key themes, and mitzvah connections to deepen your understanding of the Torah cycle.

Learn more

וְזֹאת הַבְּרָכָה - V'Zot HaBerachah

Haftarah: Joshua, 1:1–18
A Sefer Torah
Learn this Parsha

Weekly Parsha