56

Not to make a covenant with idolaters

The Luchos - Ten Commandments
מִצְוָה עֲשֵׂה - Positive Commandment
מִצְוָה לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה - Negative Commandment
Idolatry – עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה

This mitzvah forbids making treaties or agreements with idolaters that would allow them to continue their religious practices or remain established in the Land of Israel. The Torah commands Israel to remove idolatry entirely from its midst and warns that political or social pacts with idolaters would endanger Israel’s faith and loyalty to Hashem.

Commentary & Classical Explanation:

  • Rambam (Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 10:1): Any covenant that permits idolaters to continue idolatry in the land is prohibited.
  • Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 451): The root is to prevent Israel from being influenced by idolatry through alliances or friendships that would soften opposition to foreign worship.
  • Talmud (Avodah Zarah 20a): Teaches that treaties with idolaters lead to closeness, which risks assimilation and acceptance of their practices.
(Source: Chabad.org)
וּנְתָנָ֞ם יְהֹוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ לְפָנֶ֖יךָ וְהִכִּיתָ֑ם הַחֲרֵ֤ם תַּחֲרִים֙ אֹתָ֔ם לֹא־תִכְרֹ֥ת לָהֶ֛ם בְּרִ֖ית וְלֹ֥א תְחׇנֵּֽם׃ - פָּרָשַׁת וָאֶתְחַנַּן
Deuteronomy 7:2 - "And the Lord, your God, will deliver them to you, and you shall smite them. You shall utterly destroy them; neither shall you make a covenant with them, nor be gracious to them."

This Mitzvah's Fundamentals

Idolatry - עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה

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Mitzvot that prohibit worship of false gods and practices associated with idol worship.

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Covenant - בְּרִית

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Tied to the eternal covenant between G‑d and the Jewish people, including signs like brit milah and Shabbat.

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