47

Not to perform Ov (medium)

The Luchos - Ten Commandments
מִצְוָה עֲשֵׂה - Positive Commandment
מִצְוָה לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה - Negative Commandment
Idolatry – עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה

Do not practice Ov (mediumship or necromancy).

The Ov practice consisted of burning a certain incense and doing certain acts known to the Ov followers. This mitzvah forbids the practice of Ov — a form of sorcery or necromancy in which the sorcerer channels spirits, often speaking from under the armpit or through bones, to produce unnatural sounds and messages. Such practices attempt to manipulate the unseen and corrupt the purity of Israel’s relationship with Hashem. The Torah commands complete rejection of these false and impure forms of divination.

Commentary & Classical Explanation:

  • Rambam (Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 11:13–14): Describes Ov as one of the forbidden occult practices, punishable by stoning.
  • Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 249): The root is to distance Israel from superstitions that mislead people from trusting in Hashem.
  • Talmud (Sanhedrin 65a): Explains the method of Ov and rules on its prohibition as one of the capital offenses.
(Source: Chabad.org)
אַל־תִּפְנ֤וּ אֶל־הָאֹבֹת֙ וְאֶל־הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֔ים אַל־תְּבַקְשׁ֖וּ לְטׇמְאָ֣ה בָהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ - פָּרָשַׁת קְדשִׁים
Leviticus 19:31 - "You shall not turn to [the sorcery of] Ov or Yid'oni; you shall not seek [these and thereby] defile yourselves through them. I am the Lord, your God."

This Mitzvah's Fundamentals

Idolatry - עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה

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Mitzvot that prohibit worship of false gods and practices associated with idol worship.

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Thought - מַחֲשָׁבָה

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Relates to internal intentions, beliefs, and mindfulness in performing mitzvot or avoiding transgressions.

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Holiness - קְדֻשָּׁה

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Represents the concept of  spiritual intentionality, purity, and sanctity—set apart for a higher purpose.

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