Men must not shave their beards with a razor

This mitzvah forbids men from shaving their beards with a razor (ta’ar). The Torah prohibits total destruction of the beard’s corners, which was a common pagan custom. While trimming or cutting with scissors is permitted, using a razor to remove the beard completely is forbidden. This mitzvah has shaped Jewish appearance throughout history, symbolizing holiness and separation from idolatrous nations.

Commentary & Classical Explanation:

• Rambam (Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 12:6): The prohibition applies specifically to shaving with a razor that cuts hair at the root.
• Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 252): The root is to separate Israel from idolaters, who would destroy their beards as part of ritual practice.
• Talmud (Makkot 20a): Explains that liability arises only when shaving with a razor, not with scissors or other methods.