403

Not to shear the fleece of consecrated animals

The Luchos - Ten Commandments
כׇּֽל־הַבְּכ֡וֹר אֲשֶׁר֩ יִוָּלֵ֨ד בִּבְקָרְךָ֤ וּבְצֹֽאנְךָ֙ הַזָּכָ֔ר תַּקְדִּ֖ישׁ לַיהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לֹ֤א תַעֲבֹד֙ בִּבְכֹ֣ר שׁוֹרֶ֔ךָ וְלֹ֥א תָגֹ֖ז בְּכ֥וֹר צֹאנֶֽךָ׃ - פָּרָשַׁת רְאֵה
Deuteronomy 15:19 - "Every firstborn male that is born of your cattle or of your flock you shall sanctify to the Lord, your God. You shall neither work with the firstborn of your ox, nor shear the firstborn of your flock."

This Mitzvah's Summary

מִצְוָה עֲשֵׂה - Positive Commandment
מִצְוָה לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה - Negative Commandment
Temple – בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ

It is forbidden to shear the wool of consecrated animals, for they are sanctified and not for personal use.

This mitzvah forbids deriving benefit from the wool of animals consecrated for offerings or designated as firstborn. Just as labor (plowing, carrying) is prohibited (Mitzvah 402), so too is shearing. Rambam (Hilchot Bechorot 1:7–8; Hilchot Issurei Mizbeach 1:1–3) codifies that consecrated animals are wholly Hashem’s and therefore not subject to personal benefit.

Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 295) explains that shearing consecrated animals reduces their sanctity to utility, making the sacred appear mundane. The Talmud (Chullin 132b) extends this law to any material benefit from hekdesh animals. Rashi (Deut. 15:19) stresses that the Torah paired oxen and sheep to teach that both labor and shearing are equally forbidden, preserving reverence for consecrated beings. Ramban adds that the mitzvah trains Israel to guard the boundary between what is Hashem’s and what is man’s.

Commentary & Classical Explanation:

  • Rambam (Hilchot Bechorot 1:7–8): Prohibits shearing consecrated animals.
  • Rambam (Issurei Mizbeach 1:1–3): Forbids any personal benefit from hekdesh animals.
  • Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 295): Frames the law as a guard for sanctity.
  • Talmud (Chullin 132b): Bans shearing as part of general prohibition of benefit.
  • Rashi (Deut. 15:19): Notes Torah equates work and shearing.
  • Ramban (Deut. 15:19): Sees it as training Israel in reverence.

Contrast with Not Working Consecrated Animals (Mitzvah 402):

  • Mitzvah 402 forbids labor; Mitzvah 403 forbids shearing.
  • Rambam links them as a pair, showing that all mundane use is excluded.
  • Talmud (Chullin 132b) teaches that whether by strength (work) or by product (wool), consecrated animals remain off-limits.

Parallel to Not Benefiting from Idolatrous Items (Mitzvah 54):

  • Both forbid deriving any benefit from sacredly designated beings — hekdesh belongs to Hashem, idolatry is rejected entirely.
  • Ramban contrasts them: hekdesh is withheld out of reverence, idols out of rejection.
(Source: Chabad.org)

Applying this Mitzvah Today

Notes on this Mitzvah's Fundamentals

Temple – בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ

  • Rambam (Hilchot Bechorot 1:8) emphasizes that shearing consecrated animals diminishes the Temple’s sanctity, since their wool is part of hekdesh. Sifrei (Deut. 15:19) explains that even minor use violates the Temple’s honor.

Sacrifices – קָרְבָּנוֹת

  • Sefer HaChinuch (295) explains that korbanot symbolize total dedication to Hashem. Shearing transforms that dedication into self-gain. Talmud (Chullin 132b) codifies this as disqualifying an animal for the altar if misused.

Animals – בְּהֵמוֹת

  • Rashi (Deut. 15:19) applies the prohibition across species, teaching that all consecrated animals, from oxen to sheep to goats, retain sanctity in their natural state — including wool. Ramban notes this broadens the mitzvah’s scope to every type of korban animal.

Mizbeach – מִזְבֵּחַ

  • Talmud (Zevachim 106a) states the altar only accepts offerings untouched by human utility. Rambam (Issurei Mizbeach 1:3) explains that shearing converts part of the animal to personal gain, disqualifying its wholeness for the Mizbeach.

Holiness – קְדֻשָּׁה

  • Sefer HaChinuch emphasizes the fifth principle of holiness here: separation. By forbidding shearing, the Torah reinforces that holiness means restraint. Zohar (III:32a) adds that holiness is diminished when reduced to human profit.

Reverence – יִרְאַת שָׁמַיִם

  • Talmud (Chullin 132b) teaches that awe of Heaven is demonstrated by abstaining from even trivial benefits from hekdesh. Rambam explains this reverence shapes attitudes — reminding Israel to handle all sacred items with humility and distance.

Faith – אֱמוּנָה

  • Midrash Rabbah (Vayikra 27:10) states that me’ilah (trespass) reflects a lack of emunah, treating holy as common. Refraining from shearing consecrated animals affirms trust that Hashem provides sustenance through permitted means, not sacred property.

Bein Adam L’Makom – בֵּין אָדָם לְמָקוֹם

  • Rambam (Sefer HaMitzvot, Neg. 115) explains that this mitzvah expresses loyalty to Hashem’s claim over sancta. Talmud (Chullin 132b) notes that the violation has no human victim — only a breach of covenant with Hashem.

This Mitzvah's Fundamental Badges

Temple - בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ

Information Icon

Concerns the Beit HaMikdash, korbanot (offerings), and priestly service.

View Badge →

Holiness - קְדֻשָּׁה

Information Icon

Represents the concept of  spiritual intentionality, purity, and sanctity—set apart for a higher purpose.

View Badge →

Reverence - יִרְאַת שָׁמַיִם

Information Icon

Signifies awe and reverence toward Hashem—living with awareness of His greatness and presence.

View Badge →

Faith - אֱמוּנָה

Information Icon

Represents Emunah—the deep, inner trust in Hashem’s presence, oneness, and constant involvement in our lives. This badge symbolizes a heartfelt connection to G-d, rooted in belief even when we cannot see. It is the emotional and spiritual core of many mitzvot.

View Badge →

Between a person and G-d - בֵּין אָדָם לְמָקוֹם

Information Icon

Mitzvot that define and deepen the relationship between a person and their Creator. These include commandments involving belief, prayer, Shabbat, festivals, sacrifices, and personal holiness — acts rooted in divine connection rather than human interaction.

View Badge →
Mitzvah Minute
Mitzvah Minute Logo

Learn more.

Dive into mitzvot, prayer, and Torah study—each section curated to help you learn, reflect, and live with intention. New insights are added regularly, creating an evolving space for spiritual growth.

Luchos
Live a commandment-driven life

Mitzvah

Explore the 613 mitzvot and uncover the meaning behind each one. Discover practical ways to integrate them into your daily life with insights, sources, and guided reflection.

Learn more

Mitzvah #

413

A permanent or temporary [non-Jewish] hired worker must not eat from it
The Luchos - Ten Commandments
Learn this Mitzvah

Mitzvah Highlight

Siddur
Connection through Davening

Tefillah

Learn the structure, depth, and spiritual intent behind Jewish prayer. Dive into morning blessings, Shema, Amidah, and more—with tools to enrich your daily connection.

Learn more

Tefillah

Tefillah sub-header
A Siddur
Learn this Tefillah

Tefillah Focus

A Sefer Torah
Study the weekly Torah portion

Parsha

Each week’s parsha offers timeless wisdom and modern relevance. Explore summaries, key themes, and mitzvah connections to deepen your understanding of the Torah cycle.

Learn more

וְזֹאת הַבְּרָכָה - V'Zot HaBerachah

Haftarah: Joshua, 1:1–18
A Sefer Torah
Learn this Parsha

Weekly Parsha