371

Not to slaughter sacrifices outside the courtyard

The Luchos - Ten Commandments
אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ֙ מִבֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁחַ֜ט שׁ֥וֹר אוֹ־כֶ֛שֶׂב אוֹ־עֵ֖ז בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה א֚וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִשְׁחַ֔ט מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ וְאֶל־פֶּ֜תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵד֮ לֹ֣א הֱבִיאוֹ֒ לְהַקְרִ֤יב קׇרְבָּן֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י מִשְׁכַּ֣ן יְהֹוָ֑ה דָּ֣ם יֵחָשֵׁ֞ב לָאִ֤ישׁ הַהוּא֙ דָּ֣ם שָׁפָ֔ךְ וְנִכְרַ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַה֖וּא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמּֽוֹ׃ - פָּרָשַׁת אַחֲרֵי מוֹת
Leviticus 17:3-4 - "Any man of the House of Israel, who slaughters an ox, a lamb, or a goat inside the camp, or who slaughters outside the camp, but does not bring it to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting to offer up as a sacrifice to the Lord before the Mishkan of the Lord, this [act] shall be counted for that man as blood he has shed blood, and that man shall be cut off from among his people;"

This Mitzvah's Summary

מִצְוָה עֲשֵׂה - Positive Commandment
מִצְוָה לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה - Negative Commandment
Sacrifices – קָרְבָּנוֹת

It is forbidden to slaughter sacrificial animals outside the designated area of the Temple courtyard.

This mitzvah prohibits the slaughter of any animal designated as a korban outside the Temple courtyard. Such an act profanes the sanctity of the korban and undermines the centrality of the Mikdash.

The Talmud (Zevachim 106a) clarifies that slaughtering outside is one of the most serious transgressions in korban law, carrying the penalty of karet. Rambam codifies that only within the Temple’s consecrated space can offerings attain validity. Sefer HaChinuch stresses that this mitzvah preserves unity and sanctity by preventing the scattering of Divine service across many places, which could lead to idolatry.

Rashi (Leviticus 17:4) comments that offering outside is tantamount to murder, since the animal’s blood was shed without fulfilling its holy purpose. Ramban explains that Hashem demanded strict centralization to protect Israel’s service from dilution and corruption.

Commentary & Classical Explanation:

  • Rambam (Hilchot Ma’aseh HaKorbanot 18:1): Rules that one who slaughters a korban outside incurs karet.
  • Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 186): Explains that the mitzvah prevents idolatry and disunity by centralizing service in one sacred place.
  • Talmud (Zevachim 106a): Discusses the severe penalty of karet for slaughtering outside the Temple courtyard.
  • Rashi (Lev. 17:4): Compares outside slaughter to murder, since the korban’s sanctity is destroyed.
  • Ramban (Lev. 17:3–4): Notes that Hashem centralized avodah to prevent corruption and preserve covenantal holiness.
(Source: Chabad.org)

Applying this Mitzvah Today

Notes on this Mitzvah's Fundamentals

Holiness – קְדֻשָּׁה

  • Sefer HaChinuch (186) teaches that slaughtering outside desecrates holiness, since the animal’s sanctity is lost. Only the Mikdash preserves the Divine elevation of the korban.

Temple – בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ

  • Rambam (Korbanot 18:1) codifies that the Temple is the sole valid place for slaughter, ensuring that all avodah is anchored to Hashem’s chosen house.

Mizbeach – מִזְבֵּחַ

  • Talmud (Zevachim 106a) establishes that the altar sanctifies korbanot, and slaughter outside nullifies the offering, underscoring the Mizbeach’s exclusivity.

Sacrifices – קָרְבָּנוֹת

  • Rashi (Lev. 17:4) explains that outside slaughter equates to murder, since the animal’s blood is spilled without serving its holy sacrificial role.

Faith – אֱמוּנָה

  • Ramban (Lev. 17:3–4) teaches that centralizing offerings affirms faith in Hashem’s chosen place, preventing confusion or belief in multiple sanctuaries.

Idolatry – עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה

  • Sefer HaChinuch (186) warns that if sacrifices were permitted outside, people might incorporate pagan practices, leading to idolatry.

Reverence – יִרְאַת שָׁמַיִם

  • Talmud (Zevachim 106a) notes the punishment of karet for slaughter outside, cultivating awe and fear for the Temple’s sanctity.

Justice – צֶדֶק

  • Rambam (Sefer HaMitzvot, Lavin 146) frames this mitzvah as a matter of justice: korbanot are entrusted to Hashem and must be offered where He decrees, not at human whim.

Community – קְהִלָּה

  • Midrash Tanchuma (Re’eh §8) explains that gathering to one place for offerings prevents division and strengthens communal unity in worship.

Covenant – בְּרִית

  • Ramban (Lev. 17:4) connects this mitzvah to the covenant: Hashem’s Name rests in one place, and deviation breaches the covenantal bond.

Bein Adam L’Makom – בֵּין אָדָם לְמָקוֹם

  • Rambam (Korbanot 18:1) emphasizes this mitzvah is entirely between man and Hashem, binding sacrificial service to His chosen altar alone.

This Mitzvah's Fundamental Badges

Holiness - קְדֻשָּׁה

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Represents the concept of  spiritual intentionality, purity, and sanctity—set apart for a higher purpose.

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Temple - בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ

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Concerns the Beit HaMikdash, korbanot (offerings), and priestly service.

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Faith - אֱמוּנָה

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Represents Emunah—the deep, inner trust in Hashem’s presence, oneness, and constant involvement in our lives. This badge symbolizes a heartfelt connection to G-d, rooted in belief even when we cannot see. It is the emotional and spiritual core of many mitzvot.

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Idolatry - עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה

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Mitzvot that prohibit worship of false gods and practices associated with idol worship.

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Reverence - יִרְאַת שָׁמַיִם

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Signifies awe and reverence toward Hashem—living with awareness of His greatness and presence.

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Covenant - בְּרִית

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Tied to the eternal covenant between G‑d and the Jewish people, including signs like brit milah and Shabbat.

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Between a person and G-d - בֵּין אָדָם לְמָקוֹם

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Mitzvot that define and deepen the relationship between a person and their Creator. These include commandments involving belief, prayer, Shabbat, festivals, sacrifices, and personal holiness — acts rooted in divine connection rather than human interaction.

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