94

To afflict yourself on Yom Kippur

The Luchos - Ten Commandments
מִצְוָה עֲשֵׂה - Positive Commandment
מִצְוָה לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה - Negative Commandment
Holidays – חֲגִים

Afflict yourself on Yom Kippur with fasting and abstaining from pleasures.

This mitzvah commands us to “afflict” ourselves on Yom Kippur. The Sages explain this includes fasting and abstaining from other physical pleasures: washing, anointing, wearing leather shoes, and marital relations. These restrictions remove focus from bodily comfort and elevate the soul, allowing the day to be fully devoted to repentance, prayer, and atonement before Hashem.

Commentary & Classical Explanation:

  • Rambam (Hilchot Shevitat Asor 1:4): Affliction (inuy) is primarily fulfilled through fasting, while the additional abstentions safeguard the spirit of the mitzvah.
  • Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 313): The root is to detach from materiality, humbling ourselves before Hashem so our repentance is sincere and complete.
  • Talmud (Yoma 74b–76a): Enumerates the five forms of affliction, teaching that together they fulfill the Torah’s command.
(Source: Chabad.org)
וְהָיְתָ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם לְחֻקַּ֣ת עוֹלָ֑ם בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ֠שְּׁבִיעִ֠י בֶּֽעָשׂ֨וֹר לַחֹ֜דֶשׁ תְּעַנּ֣וּ אֶת־נַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶ֗ם וְכׇל־מְלָאכָה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ הָֽאֶזְרָ֔ח וְהַגֵּ֖ר הַגָּ֥ר בְּתוֹכְכֶֽם׃ - פָּרָשַׁת אַחֲרֵי מוֹת
Leviticus 16:29 - "And [all this] shall be as an eternal statute for you; in the seventh month, on the tenth of the month, you shall afflict yourselves, and you shall not do any work neither the native nor the stranger who dwells among you."

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Holidays - חַגִּים

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Mitzvot related to the Jewish festivals — their observance, rituals, prohibitions, and spiritual significance. This includes Torah-commanded holidays like Pesach, Shavuot, and Sukkot, as well as rabbinic celebrations such as Purim and Chanukah.

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Holiness - קְדֻשָּׁה

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Represents the concept of  spiritual intentionality, purity, and sanctity—set apart for a higher purpose.

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