23

To honor those who teach and know Torah

The Luchos - Ten Commandments
מִפְּנֵ֤י שֵׂיבָה֙ תָּק֔וּם וְהָדַרְתָּ֖ פְּנֵ֣י זָקֵ֑ן וְיָרֵ֥אתָ מֵּאֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י יְהֹוָֽה׃ - פָּרָשַׁת קְדשִׁים
Leviticus 19:32 - "You shall rise before a venerable person and you shall respect the elderly, and you shall fear your G-d. I am the L-rd."

This Mitzvah's Summary

מִצְוָה עֲשֵׂה - Positive Commandment
מִצְוָה לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה - Negative Commandment
Torah – תּוֹרָה

We are commanded to show respect and honor to Torah scholars and teachers.

This mitzvah enjoins us to honor Torah scholars and elders, acknowledging Torah’s centrality by respecting its bearers. Rambam (Hilchot Talmud Torah 6:1) codifies standing before sages and offering them deference. Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 407) teaches that honoring scholars strengthens Torah itself, for reverence for its teachers inspires reverence for Torah.

The Talmud (Kiddushin 32b) derives that one must rise for a sage, whether old in years or wisdom. Rashi explains that the mitzvah includes not only scholars but any elder who embodies experience and Torah. Ramban emphasizes the connection between this honor and fearing Hashem, since disrespect to Torah scholars dishonors Torah itself. Midrash (Vayikra Rabbah 25:1) links reverence for sages to reverence for Hashem, teaching that honoring Torah bearers is honoring the Divine Word itself.

Commentary & Classical Explanation:

  • Rambam (Hilchot Talmud Torah 6:1): Obligation to rise before scholars.
  • Sefer HaChinuch (407): Honoring sages reinforces Torah’s authority.
  • Talmud (Kiddushin 32b): Respect due to wisdom and years.
  • Rashi (Lev. 19:32): Applies to elders in Torah and life experience.
  • Ramban: Reverence for scholars is reverence for Hashem.
  • Midrash (Vayikra Rabbah 25:1): Honoring Torah bearers is honoring the Torah itself.

Contrast with Learning Torah (Mitzvah 22):

  • Mitzvah 22 is focused on the act of study and transmission.
  • Mitzvah 23 focuses on honoring those who embody Torah through learning and teaching.
  • Together, they create reverence both for the words of Torah and for those who carry them.

Parallel to Community Respect (Mitzvah 584 – honoring parents):

  • Honoring Torah scholars parallels honoring parents.
  • Rambam explains parents give life, while teachers give eternal life through Torah.
  • Talmud (Bava Metzia 33a) teaches that honor of one’s teacher even exceeds that of one’s parent.
(Source: Chabad.org)

Applying this Mitzvah Today

Respecting Torah Teachers and Rabbis

  • Rambam (Hilchot Talmud Torah 5:1) rules that standing for Torah scholars, greeting them first, and showing deference in conversation are practical expressions of this mitzvah. Today, this includes showing kavod to rabbanim, roshei yeshiva, and dayanim — both in person and in digital forums, where respectful language and tone honor the Torah they embody.

Valuing Torah Institutions

  • Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 430) teaches that honoring Torah scholars is honoring Torah itself. In our time, this extends to supporting yeshivot, kollelim, schools, and study programs — through donations, volunteering, or advocacy — ensuring Torah institutions remain vibrant and central in Jewish life.

Students’ Conduct

  • Talmud (Kiddushin 33b) explains that standing for a Torah scholar applies even while engaged in another mitzvah, because kavod haTorah takes precedence. Today, this is fulfilled in classrooms and shiurim by attentive listening, refraining from interruptions, and treating teachers with dignity.

Public Recognition

  • Rambam notes that public signs of honor elevate Torah in the eyes of the people. Communities today express this by offering aliyot to scholars, giving them seats of honor, or inviting them to address gatherings — visible acts that remind the community that Torah learning is the highest crown.

Digital Age Respect

  • In an era of podcasts, Zoom shiurim, and YouTube classes, honoring Torah teachers means citing sources accurately, acknowledging teachers, and refraining from casual or dismissive comments online. Ramban (Deut. 17:11) emphasizes deference to Torah authorities as safeguarding halachic integrity — a responsibility that extends to digital spaces.

Parents as First Teachers

  • Talmud (Kiddushin 30a) calls parents the first Torah teachers of their children. Honoring them is therefore intertwined with this mitzvah. Today, this means recognizing and respecting the Torah foundation one’s parents or mentors provided, and transmitting that kavod onward to future generations.

Kavod HaTorah in Debate

  • Rambam (Hilchot De’ot 5:13) requires maintaining dignity even in disagreement. Applied today, this means handling halachic debates respectfully, whether in yeshiva study halls, communal forums, or online discussions — ensuring machloket strengthens, rather than diminishes, Torah’s honor.

Encouraging New Teachers

  • Honoring Torah wisdom also means fostering the next generation of transmitters. Supporting semicha programs, women’s Torah learning, and outreach educators ensures Torah continues to spread widely. Sefer HaChinuch stresses that Torah’s chain must never be broken, making this a living fulfillment of the mitzvah.

Notes on this Mitzvah's Fundamentals

Torah – תּוֹרָה

  • Rambam (Hilchot Talmud Torah 6:1–2) rules that standing and honoring sages is part of honoring Torah itself. Talmud (Kiddushin 32b) teaches that rising before the wise acknowledges Torah as eternal wisdom. Sefer HaChinuch (407) emphasizes this cultivates reverence for Torah, ensuring its continuity. Ramban says dishonoring Torah scholars is akin to diminishing the Torah itself.

Reverence – יִרְאַת שָׁמַיִם

  • Rashi (Lev. 19:32) connects honoring sages with fearing Hashem, showing that reverence for the wise leads to reverence for Heaven. Talmud (Kiddushin 33a) explains that standing for a scholar acknowledges Hashem’s presence within Torah. Midrash (Vayikra Rabbah 25:1) emphasizes that true yirat shamayim is revealed in respect for Torah bearers.

Faith – אֱמוּנָה

  • Rambam (Moreh Nevuchim III:51) says faith matures through honoring Torah’s transmitters, who embody its truths. Talmud (Shabbat 23a) notes that honoring sages reinforces communal trust in Torah authority. Sefer HaChinuch (407) writes that reverence for teachers instills emunah in the heart of the student.

Holiness – קְדֻשָּׁה

  • Ramban (Lev. 19:2) links holiness with honoring those who live by Torah. Talmud (Bava Batra 75a) compares Torah sages to the Temple itself — vessels of holiness. Midrash (Vayikra Rabbah 25:1) says honoring the wise elevates Israel into kedushah by connecting to Hashem’s word.

Justice – צֶדֶק

  • Rambam explains that reverence for Torah scholars strengthens the justice system, since judges are Torah scholars. Talmud (Sanhedrin 8a) emphasizes that honoring sages preserves judicial authority. Sefer HaChinuch notes that societal order requires respect for Torah authorities, ensuring fair governance.

Community – קְהִלָּה

  • Talmud (Shabbat 119b) teaches that communities fall when they neglect Torah scholars. Midrash (Eicha Rabbah 2:2) says honoring sages sustains kehilla, for Torah leadership guides the people. Rambam stresses that communal strength flows from Torah’s guardians.

Bein Adam L’Makom – בֵּין אָדָם לְמָקוֹם

  • Ramban explains that honoring sages is honoring Hashem, since His wisdom resides in them. Talmud (Berachot 63b) says “Torah is Hashem’s word clothed in human vessels.” Reverence for scholars becomes a mitzvah between man and G-d.

Bein Adam L’Chavero – בֵּין אָדָם לַחֲבֵרוֹ

  • Rashi notes that honoring elders fosters respect and harmony within society. Sefer HaChinuch writes that recognizing others’ Torah achievements builds communal dignity. Talmud (Kiddushin 32b) stresses that rising for elders teaches humility and mutual respect among Jews.

This Mitzvah's Fundamental Badges

Reverence - יִרְאַת שָׁמַיִם

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Signifies awe and reverence toward Hashem—living with awareness of His greatness and presence.

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Faith - אֱמוּנָה

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Represents Emunah—the deep, inner trust in Hashem’s presence, oneness, and constant involvement in our lives. This badge symbolizes a heartfelt connection to G-d, rooted in belief even when we cannot see. It is the emotional and spiritual core of many mitzvot.

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Holiness - קְדֻשָּׁה

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Represents the concept of  spiritual intentionality, purity, and sanctity—set apart for a higher purpose.

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Between a person and G-d - בֵּין אָדָם לְמָקוֹם

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Mitzvot that define and deepen the relationship between a person and their Creator. These include commandments involving belief, prayer, Shabbat, festivals, sacrifices, and personal holiness — acts rooted in divine connection rather than human interaction.

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Between a person and their fellow - בֵּין אָדָם לַחֲבֵרוֹ

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Encompasses mitzvot that govern ethical behavior, kindness, and justice in human relationships.

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