Not to anoint with anointing oil (a non-Kohen or non-king)

This mitzvah prohibits using the Shemen HaMishchah (holy anointing oil) on anyone not specifically designated by the Torah. The oil was reserved for anointing the Kohen Gadol, select vessels of the Mishkan and Beit HaMikdash, and kings of the Davidic dynasty when necessary. Applying it to ordinary individuals was a profanation of its holiness.

Rambam codifies that anointing unauthorized people with this oil is a serious transgression punishable by karet (spiritual excision). Sefer HaChinuch explains that the oil was made only once and remained holy for all time, meant solely for Hashem’s chosen servants and vessels. Using it otherwise diminishes its sanctity and dishonors Hashem.

This mitzvah reinforces the principle that holiness is not transferable at will; it is granted only by Divine command. The oil was a sacred sign of consecration and authority, not to be misused for vanity or honor.

Commentary & Classical Explanation:

• Rambam (Hilchot Klei HaMikdash 1:3): States clearly that anointing unauthorized individuals with the oil is forbidden and punishable by karet.
• Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 109): Explains that the oil was set apart for sanctification of the Mishkan, Kohanim, and kings, not for common use.
• Rashi (Ex. 30:33): Emphasizes that the prohibition applies to “zar” (anyone unauthorized), distinguishing them from Kohanim Gedolim and kings.
• Talmud (Keritot 5a–b): Teaches that one who applies the oil to unauthorized individuals is guilty, even if used sparingly.
• Ramban (Ex. 30:31): Stresses that this command maintains the oil’s eternal uniqueness, protecting its sanctity.